Your unearthed tomb of China's first How much do you know about culturalrelics? The academic circles discussed the protection of the tombs of theemperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The

Ming Tombs was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit bythe State Council in 1961, and listed by UNESCO as a "World HeritageList" in 2003. The Ming Tombs began archaeological excavations in 1956,the first imperial tomb to be scientifically excavated according to plan inChina. The Dingling Museum was established on its original site in 1959, andwas officially opened to the public. The Dingling Museum was established onthis occasion. On the 60th anniversary, the "Symposium on the Protectionand Development of the Tombs of the Emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties andthe 60th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Dingling Museum" wasrecently held in Changping. According to reports, more than 2,600 culturalrelics were unearthed in the basement of Dingling, and only more than 600 were unearthed.Silk and clothing.

Some scholars believe that the Ming and Qing imperial tombs, as world heritagesites, face common challenges such as construction and development pressures,changes in the ecological environment, and the impact of other human activitieson the protection and management of the heritage sites. .

Dingling explore historical pictures

from the Ming, nearly 110 more than 60 units and Qing dynasties imperial tombsprotection management unit, part of the world heritage sites, museums and researchinstitutions attended the seminar meeting "of the Ming and Qing imperialtombs "Protection and Development" as the center, experts andscholars attended the meeting.

Venue

The academic report on the morning of December 19 was hosted by Professor LuZhou of Tsinghua University. Tang Yongjun, Secretary of the PartyCommittee and Director of the Office of the Ming Tombs Special Zone inChangping District, Beijing; Wang Yan, Researcher of the Institute ofArchaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Yang Han, Former Director ofthe Beijing Institute of Ancient Architecture; Huang Xueyin, Deputy Director ofthe Capital Museum; Wei Qing, Chairman of the Board, delivered a speech on theachievements of the protection and development of the Ming Tombs. Abstract:The archeological excavation of Dingling, the protection engineering andprotection concept of the Tombs of the Ming Tombs, the review and prospect ofthe exhibition "Looking Back to the Ming Dynasty-Entering the WanliDynasty", the protection of the cultural heritage of the Tombs under theparadigm shift. Tang Yongjun, secretary of the

Changling

Party Committee and director of the Ming Tombs Special Administrative RegionOffice, talked about a recent incident in which villagers randomly pickedpersimmon trees near the Ming Tombs. He said that because three tombs inthe Ming Tombs were open to the outside world and another ten tombs were mixedwith more than 30 surrounding villages, this caused some difficulties in theprotection of the Ming Tombs.

He said that improving the environment of the Ming Tombs and its surroundingshas been the focus of work in recent years: "Since 2002, we havevigorously promoted environmental improvement and demolished about 15,000square meters of modern buildings and residential areas that affect culturaland environmental features. Structures, whitewashed and installed buildings onboth sides, high- and low-voltage overhead wires and cable television wereburied in the land surrounding the mausoleum of major projects, cables outsidethe open-air scenic area were repaired, and new roads of 3340 meters wereconstructed and regulated "It is an uncoordinated billboard."

Tang Yongjun also said that the government attaches great importance to theprotection of the Ming Tombs and has allocated special funds every year:"As a world cultural heritage, the protection and management of the MingTombs have won the state since 2003. The support of nearly 730 million yuan isused for the upgrading and reconstruction of cultural relics and securityprotection. In order to better protect the world cultural heritage of the MingTombs, the Changping District Government has set up a special fund for theprotection of the Ming Tombs and environmental improvement. 20 million yuan wasinvested for the protection and management of the Tombs of the Tombs. The 13emperors' tombs in the area have also formulated rules and regulations,strengthened the guardrail, and opened The Heritage line monitoring,investigation of the 4401 trees, old and valuable trees complete the Ming Tombsand relics appraisal report, simultaneous implementation of a project todevelop a long-term conservation planning, the establishment of cultural relicsprotection units

"More than 2,600 cultural relics have been unearthed in the basement ofDingling. More than 600 pieces of silk fabrics and clothing have beenuncovered, covering most types of silk fabrics, especially gold and cosmeticfabrics. The raw materials used are not only colored silk threads, There arealso gold thread and peacock wool. The finished product, Cui Jin Church, is atreasure trove of underground silk. The brocade high-end dresses andembroidered high-end dresses unearthed are very different in style, weavingmethod and pattern design from the literature: First, the upper and lowerpetticoats The pattern was changed to the pattern of the robe. Secondly, whenweaving the 12-chapter pattern, the customization of the embroidery of thegarment weaving chemise was changed and unified into a weaving method, orbrocade or embroidery. The uniformity of the weaving made the overall effect ofthe tribute pattern look harmonious and rhythmic Wang Yan said.

Dingling unearthed Jin Yiguan

in addition, he believes Ding Tomb unearthed the emperor crown is also important:"in particular, unearthed a gold crown and wings of a bird wing crown yarnexactly the same shape, but they are used Made of gold wire. The goldcrown has a complicated structure and is difficult to manufacture. It ismade of traditional filament and weaving. This is a typical combination ofweaving and chiseling, representing the superb craftsmanship of gold and silverin the Ming Dynasty. The unearthed queen phoenix has four crowns decoratedwith golden dragons and emeralds. Longfeng held a string of jewelry in hismouth. The dragon and phoenix are inlaid with huge beads, all of which arecomposed of precious stones and beads. Each top is decorated withdifferent pearls and gems, with 128 gems and 5449 pearls embedded in thetop. "

The silk hollow gold box and jade pot unearthed in Dingling

also said that 289 pieces of gold and 271 pieces of silver were unearthed. Thegold wares include: wine notes, cups, honors, pots, cups, plates, pots, pots,boxes, and boxes. , Spittoon, spit pot, etc. Most of the gold and silverutensils were daily necessities of the court before and after the emperor'sdeath, and the wine vessels were taken from the coffin of the emperor Wanli.

Former director of the Beijing Institute of Ancient Architecture Han Yangshared the German tomb archeology he chaired and participated more than 20years ago. He said: "Among the Ming Tombs protection projects I havebeen in contact with, the protection of the German mausoleum is the mostcomplicated one. The German mausoleum was built relatively late. This is thetomb of the penultimate emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ruled The time is notlong, and the quality of the mausoleum project is not very high. In the lateQing Dynasty, the Qing army entering the customs once burned and reconstructedbuildings on the ground. There were also some earthquakes, floods and othereffects. These damages were reflected in the remains of the German mausoleum.Qing Gan Long undertook a large-scale repair of Mingling from 50 to 52 yearsago. Refurbishment should be active protection, but there are some changes."

Han Yang took the restoration of the true Yanmen in German tombs as anexample:" We repeatedly study Over the true Yanmen should be restored, andproposed four plans. Zhenmen Gate site is the foundation of the Ming Dynasty,which was contracted in the Qing Dynasty. Among the four plans, the first is torestore the Qing Dynasty's territory based on the available information. Thesecond is to restore the Ming Dynasty Renmen according to the Ming Dynastyarchitectural form. The third plan preserves the heritage of two generations,builds a simple house, and also supports two residual walls. The fourth planis By Ming skeletons and shells as well as the internal organs of the QingDynasty, the Qing Dynasty relics stored in the form of housing with theconstruction of the Ming Dynasty in. After much debate, it takes the form ofvirginity door Ganlong construction period

"during cleanup, We found many parts of the Zhen'en Gate in the QingDynasty, many of which were limited to stone parts and had beendamaged. We all used these parts on the rebuilt Jane Gate. At thesame time, we did not continue to damage the two remaining walls of Zhen EnMen. We use a short bolt to fix and grout the loose body to saveit. This is a project in the 1990s more than 20 years ago. In fact,doing this project at the time also had the significance of exploring theconcept of a

In the first group of speeches, Wan, a senior engineer at Beijing CulturalRelics and Ancient Building Company, outlined the ancient emperor's mausoleumand the restoration of the emperor's mausoleum, introduced the characteristicsof the mausoleum construction, and discussed how to maintain cultural relics interms of technology and materials Authenticity. Researcher Shao of theChina Institute of Cultural Relics took Chengde Mountain Resort as an exampleto introduce the latest scientific research achievements and protectionachievements in stone sculpture protection. Professor Cao Yongkang ofShanghai Jiaotong University conducted a feasibility study on repairing ancientbuildings with new lime materials. He introduced the advantages anddisadvantages of various lime properties from the perspective of culturalpreservation theory and comparative analysis of Chinese and Western culturalpreservation practices, and affirmed the advantages of volcanic ash andlime. Abstract: Through a comparative study of Lu Jian's relics of theMuseum of Lu Museum and the royal tombs of the Ming Dynasty, the unique valueand characteristics of the royal tombs of the Ming Dynasty areintroduced. Mr. He Yong of Yungang Grottoes Research Institute introducedthe application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in theprotection of cultural relics and data collection and use of the Ming Tombs asan example. Three-dimensional laser technology has solved the technicaldifficulties encountered in the past in the protection and monitoring ofcultural relics with its high-precision, non-contact, fast and efficient characteristics. Inthe second group of speeches, the

tomb of Lu Mausoleum

, Ji Nan, the deputy director of the Ming and Qing Emperors World CulturalHeritage Center, said that heritage management and protection, as one of thethree pillars that highlight the universal value of World Heritage, is thefocus of World Heritage that requires long-term attention. jobs. As aworld heritage site, the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties facedcommon challenges in the protection and management of heritage sites, thepressure of construction and development, changes in the ecologicalenvironment, and the impact of other human activities.

During the panel discussion, the guests made speeches from the aspects oflegislative protection of heritage, management of heritage sites, monitoring ofheritage sites, heritage protection in the application process, sustainabledevelopment and activation of heritage sites. The speech mainly introducedthe long-term protection and management experience and thinking of Mingling, Mingling,Zhaoling, Fuling, Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Ancestral Hall,Zhoukoudian, and Qing Dongling.

Shinto Tomb of Ming Dynasty

Li Shuliang of the Chengdu Shuling Museum gave some views on the status anddevelopment of Shu Mingling in a speech by the third group of museums andcultural tourism integration groups. Minghong Xiaoling Management OfficeZhou Hongmei took the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum as an example to discuss thedevelopment status, cultural relics protection and achievements utilization ofthe tombs of Emperor Ming and Qing Dynasty. In the development process, itis advocated to further expand the cultural space, expand the main line oftime, reconstruct the symbol of modern ancient tombs, and fully apply it tocultural development and brand cultural activities. Mr. Gao Xiaolong ofthe Beijing Coin Exhibition Center proposed to promote the revitalization andutilization of the Ming Tombs through immersive interactive theaterperformances. Zhu Wei of Beijing Times Cultural Development Co., Ltd.explained the activation and utilization of cultural heritage from threedifferent perspectives through the dramatic performances of the Ming Tombs, thetransformation of the Summer Palace commercial form, and the interpretation ofthe Ming Kangling story. According to its unique cultural value, it isnecessary to carry out innovative development in multiple ways.